Palette Navigator (Navigator) is caused by the command-switch of menu Window with the same name (Window) and intended for relocation under the increased image. It is applied also to fast change of scale (fig. 1.29). It is convenient that in the navigator the reduced copy of the image entirely is shown, and you at any moment can approximately estimate influence of editing on a document general view. Experienced users consider this palette as the fastest and evident method of control in scale and scrolling. However, for each of methods there is a application field.

In a window of review of a palette the image general view is presented. The color frame marks its part, visible in a document window. The size and position of the frame of review automatically change at scaling and scrolling. Moving the frame, you move the image in a document window. By means of a slider in the bottom of a palette it is possible to change smoothly scale, here there is a scale field, and also buttons of the discrete reduction and magnification (on the first of them small triangles are represented, on the second — big).

Let's work with this convenient palette (fig. 1.30).

1. Open palette Navigator (Navigator). Click in its field of scale. Type number 200 and push ENTER key (fig. 1.30,). The document will be displayed on the scale of 200 %.

2. Look at a review window. The frame restricts area, visible in a document window. Drag, the frame. The image in a document window is scrolled accordingly (fig. 1.30,).

3. Test other method of relocation of the frame: place the cursor in the necessary area of the document in a window of review of a palette (it takes the form "указующего of a finger") and click the mouse. The frame will be moved (fig. 1.30,), in a working window will be displayed the specified fragment.

4. Click on the button of the discrete reduction. At each click the scale decreases. As test the button of the discrete magnification.

5. Work with a slider — he allows to change scale smoothly. Drag a slider to the right and to the left, watching of changes.

6. And one more reception — simultaneous scaling and scrolling. Push CTRL key, contour the cursor in a window of review the frame (fig. 1.30,). The scale of the image and its position in a document window changes in the specified image.

For what rulers — to everyone clearly are necessary. With their help measure distances in the image, define coordinates, estimate the size. Rulers are allocated along upper and the document window right edge. Display of rulers command-switch Show Rulers/Hide Rulers (to Show ruler rulers/hide) menu View (Type) controls.

1. Include show of rulers if they have been disconnected.

2. Increase, then reduce scale. Rulers show the real size, therefore are scaled together with the image.

3. Look, in what units the marking is made, for this purpose click on a ruler the right mouse button. Before you the list of units of measure. Used dimensionality is marked by a flag. As a rule, by default measurements are produced in inches and point Inches (Inches) is active.

4. Select from the list point Centimeters (Centimeters). Look, as the marking changed.

5. Counting on rulers goes from the upper left corner of the image. If it is necessary, the report point is easy for transferring. Push the mouse in a place of intersection of rulers and drag the cursor. In a point where you release the mouse button, and there will be a new beginning of coordinates.

6. Move the cursor under the image. Pay attention to rulers: during each moment on them by a gray dash the cursor position is shown.

At setting the program divides units Percent (Percent) length and width of the image on 100. Each division of a ruler corresponds to one percent of length or width. This unusual unit of measure is sometimes very useful.

Along with rulers special tool Measure (Measurement) is applied also. With its help probably precisely to measure distances on the image, and also corners. It is very simple and useful tool.

1. Open the document Pyramid.jpg

2. Select tool Measure (Measurement), it is allocated in group together with tool Eyedropper (Pipette) and by default hidden.

3. Activate palette Info (Info).

4. Push the mouse button and drag the tool under the image, thus the program creates a measuring line. In a property bar following values are displayed: in fields Х and Y — point coordinates with which there is begun creation of a measuring line; in fields W and Н — width and height of a projection of a measuring line on vertical and horizontal rulers; in the field And — a corner under which the line is led; in the field D1 — length of a line. Corners are shown in degrees, and all the length long — in terms of rulers (fig. 1.31).

5. Look at palette Info (Info). In its fields starting point coordinates, the sizes of a projection, slope angle and length of a measuring line too are shown.

6. Release the mouse button, the line will be fixed. Values in data entry fields panels Options (Parameters) are stabilized.

7. Along with distances, the tool allows to measure corners on the image. Bring the cursor to one of the ends of a measuring line, push button Alt and, holding pushed the mouse button, drag the cursor. The program plots an angle (fig. 1.32). Property bar indications change: the size of a projection for a corner is not shown, in the field And value of a corner between measuring lines, in fields D1 and D2 — lengths of these lines is shown. The corner will be fixed, when you release the mouse button.

Measuring lines are visible in the image only at the active tool Measure (Measurement). For removal of the created lines button Clear serves to (Clear) property bars.

In the program there are also guide lines and a grid chart. Directing are auxiliary lines, parallel to rulers. They are very convenient for an image marking, like the pencil modular grid used by designers by operation on a paper. Guides also widely apply to alignment of objects in the document.

1. Check up, whether display of guides is included. For this purpose select command Show (Demonstration) of menu View (Type). In a submenu near to command Guides (Guides) install a flag if it is removed.

2. Push the mouse on a vertical ruler and drag the cursor on the image. The "infinite" dark blue line also is a guide. It can be placed in any place of a document window (fig. 1.33). Precisely also create a horizontal guide, drawing out it from a horizontal ruler.

3. For relocation of an existing guide select tool Move (Relocation). Place the cursor on a line and drag it on other place.

4. Pull out on two guides from each ruler. Using rulers, allocate them equally spaced so that the image has been divided into nine identical parts. Now, if there is a task of adding of the text or collage creation, you can lean against the created modular grid, and the result of operation will be balanced.

5. Test commands Lock Guides (to Fix guides), New Guide (the New guide) and Clear Guides (to Delete guides) menu View (Type). The first locks guides so that they cannot be shifted, the second allows to create a new guide input of values in a dialog box (fig. 1.34), the third deletes all guides.

One more auxiliary element raising accuracy of operation — a grid chart. It consists of horizontal and vertical lines with the given step and is superimposed over the image (fig. 1.35). The image with a grid chart reminds the sketch labeled by a grid for copying. The grid turnes on command Grid (Grid) I will change Show (Demonstration) of menu View (Type).

The slot pitch concerns program setting. To change it, select command Guides and Grid (Guides and a grid) submenu Preferences (Adjustment) of menu Edit (Editing), and set the necessary value in the field Grid - line every (the Grid line through) a dialog box (fig. 1.36). This value defines a step of thick grid lines. In the field Subdivisions (Small divisions) set number of divisions, between each two thick lines. These divisions are designated by more thin lines. On tab Guides and Grid (Guides and a grid) are set also other setting of guides and a grid, in particular their color.

Some auxiliary elements can have magnetic properties (binding). The cursor at performance of operations "adheres" to a guide or a grid line near to which it appeared, therefore accuracy of actions it becomes ready above. As well other objects at relocation can be anchored to a guide or a grid line.

1. Open menu View (Type). The flag at commands Snap (Binding) includes a binding to the auxiliary objects. Remove a flag, and no elements will have magnetic properties.

2. Select tool Measure (Measurement). Bring the cursor to a guide and begin creation of a line from a point near to a guide. Finish a line near to other guide.

3. Install flag Snap (Binding) of menu View (Type). Now the program allocates the auxiliary elements with property of a binding. Select command Snap to to (Anchor) — you see the list of elements which basically can possess magnetic properties. The flag near to line shows that for the given element the binding is included. Note that in the list is both guides, and a grid. Install a flag opposite to commands Guides (Guides) if it is removed.

4. Try to draw now a measuring line from a point near to a guide (or their intersections). At you it does not turn out — at a choice of starting point the program drifts it on the nearest guide (if that is allocated close enough). The Same effect and at creation of an ending point of a measuring line (fig. 1.37).

• At program start the primary window opens. To start operation it is necessary to open the document or to create the new. Program commands are allocated in the menu. Documents are deduced in separate windows. Upon termination of operation the document save and close.
• Palettes are special control items. Each of them is devoted a separate type of operations. Palettes are freely allocated in a primary window, their dial-up can be changed.
• In a toolbar program tools are allocated. Each of them is used for a definite purpose. At a present situation one of tools is active. You can switch easily in between.
The
• property bar contains parameters of the active tool or other actual information. Convergence on document file sizes, a memory state, a document profile, a ratio of image sizes and printer page contains in a state band.
• In document window title also there is an information on it is a title, a color model, display scale, the information on layers and channels.
• In the course of operation of action of the user register in the protocol. You can cancel and return the actions enumerated in it. State pictures allow to compare various variants of editing.
• In Photoshop there are some methods of control in scale of display — a field in a state band, tool Zoom (Scale), palette Navigator (Navigator).
• Tool Hand (Panorama) and palette Navigator (Navigator) are used for scrolling in a window of the image which is not located on the screen entirely (for example, at the increased scale of review).
• For measurement in Photoshop rulers and tool Measure (Measurements) are used.
• Guides and grid chart allow to produce actions in the image with the big accuracy