Before to start monitor calibration, it is necessary to standardize lighting in a working location. Light should be artificial, as more as possible white, dispersed, to relatives on intensity to brightness of the monitor. On perception of colors the great influence is rendered by environmental colors. Is better, if color of conditions and walls of a working location is close to the neutral-density. In the same direction equip a computer desktop. Remove all color wall-paper and patterns, give it neutral gray color.

For creation of a profile of the monitor the colorimeters fulfilled normally in the form of the sensor-sucker which fastens to the screen of the monitor are used and is connected to the computer serial port. The program of creation of a profile shows samples of colors on the screen and simultaneously removes result of their measurement from the colorimeter. Then she writes down in a file of a profile of RGB-value of these colors and their measured values in Lab. Received in a file *.1СМ a profile install as usual. Rough calibration of the monitor can be fulfilled and without the colorimeter. Set AdobePhotoshop includes the special utility AdobeGamma, allowing to build monitor profiles. The profile generated AdobeGamma, is automatically installed as the active profile of the monitor in operating system Windows 98 and Windows 2000. If you work with WindowsNT the monitor profile automatically turns in leaking and for other applications of adobe (Illustrator, InDesignи other) . Once again we underline that a profile constructed AdobeGamma, very rough. To receive an exact profile, it is necessary to use the hardware calibrator all the same.

Scanners are RGB-devices. The scanner profile characterizes conversion of its RGB-space to space PCS. For creation of this profile standard standard IT 8 and the calibration program is required to you. Many vendors of scanners include both these of a component (or only last) in standard delivery of the scanner. The standard for scanning can be acquired separately at dealers Agfa or Kodak. The standard represents a grid of color samples which have precisely known color. Depending on type of the scanner it can be in the form of a print on photographic paper or a slide. Colors of samples are measured by their vendors on high-precision equipment and placed in the reference file applied on the standard. Calibration is reduced to standard scanning. On the basis of the received image and a reference file the special program the scanner profile is under construction. The modern programs of scanning can implement this profile in scanned images, providing exact transmission of colors. If for your model of the scanner it is not provided, conversion can be executed by means of command Assign Profile (to Appropriate a profile) in Photoshop. Dialog box Assign Profile (to Appropriate a profile) is shown on fig. 2.27. It allows to assign a color profile to any image. If the software of your scanner is not capable to implement color profiles and in Photoshop the image appears without ассоциированного a profile. Absence of a profile means that Photoshop did not receive the information on how the scanner "saw" colors of the original and cannot adequately display them on the monitor. If you allocate a profile for the scanner appropriate to its image command Assign Profile (to Appropriate a profile).

1. From list Mode (Mode) of menu Image (Image) select command Assign Profile (to Appropriate a profile).

2. In the opened dialog box translate the switch in position Profile (Profile).

3. From the list allocated on the right select a scanner profile.

4. Close a dialog box button click APPRX.

Command Assign Profile (to Appropriate a profile) does not change values пикселов the image but only appropriates to it the given profile. Despite it, you can receive strong enough color shift. The matter is that Photoshop considers an image profile at its demonstration and adjusts colors. It allows us to see the image "scanner eyes".

Command Assign Profile (to Appropriate a profile) has also other scopes of application. With its help it is possible to appropriate a profile to the image received without the implemented profile from any source. This command also allows and to hide, on the contrary, the image from a management system color, deleting the implemented profile.

For creation of a profile of the printer it is necessary to print on it special standard IT 873. As well as the standard for scanning, it consists of color samples of known color. After the standard is printed on the printer, measure colors of color samples on a print by means of the densitometer (tiresome enough occupation) and enter results of measurement into the program. On the basis of this data it constructs a color profile which should be installed a normal method.

If you do not have densitometer use an average profile with which suppliers complete the majority of printers. Well откалиброванный the printer can be used for a numeral coloring test. The best results for inexpensive printers are given by application of the program interpreters PostScript supporting color management, for example, AdobePressReady or BirmyPowerRIP.

Color space RGB is hardware is dependent. Different monitors display colors unequally. In it you for certain had possibility to be convinced. Recall, for example, regiments with TV sets in shop. All TV sets are adjusted on one channel (i.e. receive the same RGB-given), but colors show differently. The Same concerns and other RGB-devices: to scanners, numeral cameras, color RGB-printers. If the monitor of each computer has own color characteristics (and for each monitor on it the profile is constructed) at discovery of the RGB-document to a management system color the image according to the specific monitor always would be necessary to adjust. Any correction is interfaced to losses and inaccuracies. To avoid it, followed standardize color space RGB in which images, a work space are edited. If the work space is identical images do not demand correction at discovery on different computers. Photoshop - the first program, in which былиприняты measures for standardization of the main RGB-space. Only showing the image on the monitor, Photoshop transforms it from the main color space to space RGB of the specific monitor according to its profile. The image thus is not affected in any way. Note that color spanning of the main space can (and should) to differ from color spanning of your monitor.

Press devices possess still a wide spacing of color characteristics, than RGB-devices. Creating the document for the press, you expect correspondence between colors which see on the monitor and colors of the future print. To provide this correspondence, a management system with color should "know" color characteristics of the prospective device the press presented in the form of a color profile. On the other hand, for devices CMYK there are same motives of standardization of color space, as for RGB. For this reason in new version Photoshop as variants of the worker the standardized color spaces are offered some. Nevertheless, at the press you can select a profile for the specific device, and the management system color transforms to it colors of the image (from a work space).

All adjustments of a management system by color are concentrated in dialog box Color Settings (color Parameters) (fig. 2.28). It opens menu command Edit with the same name (Editing). Thus separately parameters of spaces RGB, CMYK and Grayscale are defined. Special control items are intended for implementation of profiles of devices in files at which they miss or do not correspond to the worker. In the present chapter we consider only the parameters concerning playback of the image on the monitor. A color separation concerns aspects of the press and is considered in chapter 10.

Adjustments of working color spaces are in areas Working Spaces (Work spaces) of dialog box Color Settings (color Parameters). From list RGB and in list CMYK select suitable working color space corresponding to them. Standards RGB, depending on application field, we already described above. In the second case be guided by prospective type of the press.

In list Gray (Halftone) set value of gamma of the monitor if you prepare images for screen review, or value растискивания points for the press. For плашечных colors value растискивания points is set separately in list Spot (Mixed) (about растискивании see гл. 10). Standard gamma of the monitor for the computers working under control of Windows - 2.2, and for MacOS - 1.8.

Successful color management is impossible without implementation of color profiles in image files. Setting on implementation support also are in dialog box Color Settings (color Parameters). Photoshop can implement profiles in files EPS, JPEG, PCT, PDF (only RGB and halftone images), PSD and TIFF. In the image file the color profile of a work space in which the image was edited registers. If the image is intended for the press is mandatory implement in it a color profile. Its absence is justified only in the documents oriented on review on the screen. To disconnect profile implementation, drop flag ICC Profile (Profile ICC) in dialog box Save As (to Save as) (see above in section "Formats of files" of the given chapter). At discovery of images Photoshop checks presence in them of the implemented color profiles. The further actions of the program are defined by a policy set by you:

Off It (is disconnected). Color management is not required to you, and you do not want to implement and use the implemented profiles.

Preserve Embedded Profiles (to Save the implemented profiles). You deal with the images taken from the most different sources (both with the implemented profiles, and without them), and want, that profiles remained such what they are.

Convert to Working Space (to Convert in a work space). You want to result all images with which work, to uniform color space. All opened images should be transformed to working color space of an appropriate color model. In Photoshop the policy of operation with profiles is set separately for color models RGB and CMYK, and also halftone images in appropriate lists of area Color Management Policy (' the Policy of color management) dialog box Color Settings (color Parameters).

So "rectilinear" policy of implementation can to you and not approach. Often happens it is necessary to make individual decisions concerning opened images. To receive this possibility, install flags Ask When Opening (Request at discovery) opposite to lines Profile Mismatches (Mismatch of profiles) and Missing Profiles (Absence of a profile). The first of them forces Photoshop to produce request concerning images in which the implemented profile does not coincide with a profile of working color space (fig. 2.29,). The second flag provides request output if the opened image at all has no implemented profile (fig. 2.29,). At copying of images through the system buffer are copied and ассоциированные with them profiles. At installed flag Ask When Pasting (the Request at an insertion) will be produced request about conversion of color space interposed in Photoshop images.

The made setting can be saved in a file on a disk for the subsequent usage. For this purpose it is necessary to push button Save to (Save) in dialog box Color Settings (color Parameters) and to enter a file name. To load a file with setting, use button Load to (Load). The saved adjustments are the general for Adobe applications. You, for example, can use them in AdobeIllustrator 9.0, providing, thus, unity of display of colors in these programs.

Actually, loading of setting from a file is required rarely. If you saved adjustments in a folder \ProgramFiles \CommonFiles \adobe \Color \Settings, provided for them by default, they appear in list Settings (Setting) along with the standard. In many cases instead of entering separate parameters of color management (as it is described above), it is enough to select most suitable of standard variants from this list.

If at discovery of a file you did not lead the image to work space Photoshop it not to make late yet. Use command Convert to Profile (to Convert in a profile) list Mode (Mode) of menu Image (Image). It opens the dialog box with the same name represented on fig. 2.30.

In the field of Conversion Options (conversion Adjustments) are set some important parameters. In list Engine (System) the units of color management which are available on your computer are resulted. In most cases you will have a choice between Adobe (ASYA) and Microsoft (ICM). If you installed other management systems color (for example KodakPrecisionCMS) they will figure too in the list. When you do not have serious reasons for other decision, we advise to use the units to ASYA providing the best results with devices PostScript. The principal condition consists that in all programs with which you work, the same management system should be applied by color. Otherwise the type of images in them can differ a little. In list Intent (Conversion) is set a method of coercion of color spanning of initial color space to the target. Such conversion cannot be fulfilled unambiguously as a part of colors of initial space can not have equivalents in the target. In most cases use variant Perceptual (Perceptual), considering the relative perception of colors by a human eye. Flag Use Black Point Compensation (Compensating of a black point) includes compensating of a black point at conversion of profiles. It provides the correct display of black color in new color space. Drop this flag, only if conversion is inadequately fulfilled.

To receive representation how the image on the press or on the screen of other computer will look, in Photoshop the particular treatment of a program coloring test is provided. In this mode the management system tries to imitate colors of other devices on your monitor. To include a program coloring test, install command-switch Proof Colors (Coloring test) of menu View (Type). The Output device which is necessary for emulating, is set in list Proof Setup (coloring test Adjustment). We describe possible variants of a choice.

• Working CMYK (Work space CMYK). It makes sense for images which you edit in model RGB.
• Working Cyan Plate (Рабочаяголубаяформа), Working Magenta Plate
• (The working magenta form), and etc. Review of separate channels in work space CMYK. What for it can be useful, read in chapter 10.
• Macintosh RGB. Not calibrated monitor Macintosh with gamma 1.8. Windows RGB. Not calibrated monitor Windows with gamma 2.2. Monitor RGB. Your monitor.
• Custom (Arbitrary). Allows to select a profile of the arbitrary device, for example your jet or цветопробного the printer.

The repeated choice commands Proof Colors (Coloring test) disconnects a mode of a program coloring test.

Using this mode by preparation of images for the press, consider that absolutely exact demonstration of typographical colors on the monitor is in essence impossible, it is a question only of this or that level of correspondence. However calibration and lighting standardization allow to achieve very good result.

To receive bitmap images, there is a set of methods. You can create them that is called, from zero (for this purpose program AdobePhotoshop allocates ample opportunities) or to use the images received in other programs of bitmap graphics, and also exported of programs of a vectorial and three-dimensional drawing. Image libraries help with the decision of many tasks on PhotoCD.

However ready image libraries not always satisfy to needs of the user. Be ready to that among thousand photos there will be no necessary. It is especially actual, if a subject of your operation highly specialized, for example, creation of the directory of production. Then you should most scan photos, sketches, illustrations and etc.

Scanning generally - the separate task executable absolutely irrespective of programs of bitmap graphics. Each type of the scanner allocates the own program which provides setting of necessary parameters and controls all process. The software of almost all modern scanners is created according to standard TWAIN, allowing to transfer the scanned image to any program of handling. Thanks to existence of this standard you can scan images directly from Photoshop. (Import) of menu File (File) you find a name of the TWAIN-unit of the scanner installed on your computer In list Import. The choice of this command (for each scanner it will have a special title) opens a window of the unit of scanning where it is necessary to make all setting and to launch process. After the scanner finishes the operation, Photoshop opens a window of the new document with the received image.

The above the scanner class, the more possibilities gives its software. All units of scanning have a minimum dial-up of adjustments: scan region, the size, resolution, a color model. More developed of them allow to do pitch and color correction, to blur a typographical raster, to fulfill unsharp masking, support color management and implementation of profiles. It is asked, what for all these functions in the scanning unit if they are in Photoshop?

The elementary modern scanners work with 30 or 36-bit colors, professional - with higher digit capacity (48 bits). It means that on one color channel it is necessary from 10 to 16 bits. The pitch range of the scanned image appears much more widely, than in Photoshop where on the color channel 8 bits are led out only. Functions of correction of the unit of scanning deal with "the crude data", received immediately from the device and consequently can work with it, broad range. After such correction the image "is truncated" to 8 bits on the channel and transferred in Photoshop.

Later, in chapter 8, we show that at pitch and color correction it is necessary to pay for image improving. If, for example, you refined study of light details of a photo thereby worsened transmission of shades. Preliminary correction by means of the unit of scanning allows to avoid this trouble as it works with the superfluous data.

So, if the software of your scanner gives good tools of pitch and color correction, by all means use them. At least, fulfill with their help the main volume of pitch correction, and it is possible then to work at small subquality work or tiny nuances and in Photoshop.

Considerably to reduce amount of works on correction to you the management system color helps. Certainly, for this purpose the scanning unit should support it. Minimum support consists in implementation of a profile of the scanner in the received images. New versions AdobePhotoshop as we already marked above, use hardware-independent work space RGB. Therefore the scanning unit should translate independently the scanned image from color space of the scanner in work space Photoshop.

Program SilverFast of firm LaserSoftInc can be a good example of such unit. This program is delivered in the form of the TWAIN-module or connected Photoshop unit, for each model of the scanner - the special version. There are versions practically for all popular professional and semiprofessional scanners as they should provide direct manipulation by its equipment. SilverFast units give the magnificent tools of pitch and color correction which are not conceding to possibilities Photoshop, and the built in tools of unsharp masking and removal of a typographical raster even leave them far behind. Units support color management and are oriented for teamwork with Photoshop. You find In them also set of other convenient functions: continuous scanning, automatic correction, turn of images, etc.

Similar possibilities are available and in the units delivered by vendors of professional scanners Heidelberg, Umax, Agfa, etc.

Recently the durable, labor-consuming and expensive process of photographing, chemical handling and scanning is replaced by a numeral photo. The modern numeral cameras allow to reach qualities, sufficient for polygraphic execution. They also use interface TWAIN and are supplied with appropriate units. For them the same recommendations are valid. Difference only in specific character of defects of the images received by numeral cameras.

Drawing color pencils, you during each moment of time deal with two colors: a paper and a pencil, which at you in hands. In the same way and in Photoshop two colors are always involved: working and background. They are used by all paint tools and the filling, existing in the program. About application of these tools you learn in the following chapter for now we are engaged in a choice of color for them.

Samples of working and background colors are resulted on a toolbar. (That in front, corresponds to working color, and back - background). The most general method of a choice of color - dialog box Color Picker (a color Choice), caused by mouse click on the sample of color (fig. 2.31).

Color can be defined or visually on a spectral scale and a color field (for one of the color models, selected at present), or by means of input of numeral values for components of any of used models (for model CMYK the second method is possible only).

One of color components should be included. Switches to the left of titles of components are for this purpose used. The spectral scale (a narrow vertical strip) displays a range of a switched on color component, for example, R (red), G (green), In (dark blue), Н (a color shade), S (saturations), In (brightness).

The color field to the left of a spectral scale shows a color range of the remained two component color models: one - on horizontal, and another - on a vertical axis. Thus in data entry fields numeric data about the selected color in other color models are highlighted.

1. We pick up the necessary color, proceeding, for example, from color tone () models HSB. Include the switch near to letter Н. Color tone became the installed component. On a vertical strip you see its display - the full spectrum. This strip represents a color circle if it to break off on red color.

2. Moving a slider along a strip, you define color tone. Deliver it in the position corresponding to violet tones.

3. The color field displays the remained two component colors in model HSB - color space of yellow tone on a saturation (a horizontal axis) and on brightness (a vertical axis). Now tow a round marker before obtaining of violet tone of the necessary saturation and brightness.

4. Pay attention that at marker and slider relocation values in data entry fields for all color models accordingly change. Here it is possible to set at once numerical values of color components if they to you are known, and for any model, without dependence from what of them is displayed on a color field. Set following values: R - 240, G - 40, In - 250.

5. Over numerical values there are two color weeding: in the lower current color, and in upper - received as a result of setting is shown. In a top margin there was a sample of is bright-violet color.

6. New color value is very effective, but cannot be transferred to the press since does not enter into color spanning CMYK. Therefore nearby there was a warning in the form of a triangle with exclamation point and a small small square with the nearest CMYK-equivalent of demanded color.

7. Accept this equivalent, clicking the mouse on a triangle or on the sample. Color on the press will be much dirtier and more dark - well that about it notified you in advance.

8. Below the warning of an output from color spanning CMYK there is one more tag in the form of a cube. It signals that the selected color is not included into a palette used for Web. More in detail about a choice of colors for Webсм. In гл. 11.

9. Color can be picked up on the basis of any color component. Include the saturation switch (S), now the vertical strip displays a saturation in a range from 100 % on top to 0 % below. Tow off a slider as much as possible upwards. The color field shows across a spectrum of color shades, and on a vertical - still brightness.

10. Try to select color proceeding from model RGB. Install a red component (R), on a spectral scale its range (from 0 in the lower point of a scale to 255 in upper), and in a color field - accordingly ranges dark blue (on a horizontal axis) and green, (on a vertical axis) components will be presented.

Dialog box Color Picker (color Choice) is involved and at a choice плашечных colors, colors for the press with which are delivered by vendors under own special directories. Therefore it is not surprising that such directories a little. Moreover, for different types of a paper the directories are required, after all the same color on normal and мелованной to a paper looks unequally. Delivery Photoshop includes "electronic versions" several most popular directories плашечных colors.

To pick up color from such directory, fulfill following actions;

1. Click on a color field in a palette of tools. On the screen dialog box Color Picker (a color Choice) is deduced.

2. Push button Custom (Directory). There is dialog box Custom Colors (Color swatch) (fig. 2.32). Open the list in the upper part of a window and set in it color library which use in printing house where your document is printed. We assume that it is one of system PANTONE variants.

3. Select color voluntarily, under the presented sketch or color number input under the directory.

4. Push the button APPRX. For reset to dialog box Color Picker (a color Choice) use button Picker (Palette). If you carry out a choice of color for плашечного the channel it will be printed by the mixed color. If you use library of colors for selection of the necessary shade normal (not плашечного) primary color selected by you under the directory color will be presented by the analog in a current color model.

Dialog box Color Picker (color Choice) gives ample opportunities for an exact choice of color which is used further in operation. But if it is necessary to change repeatedly primary color compact palettes Swatches (Samples) and Color (Synthesis), and also a most often used method of a choice of color - application of tool Eyedropper (Pipette) are useful to you.