Tool Eyedropper (Pipette) allows to install current working or background color, taking its sample from any open document.

1. Open any color image.

2. Select on the panel tool Eyedropper (Pipette).

3. Click it in any point of the image. Color in which specifies the tool, becomes current primary color. The sample testifies to it on a toolbar.

4. Again click the tool in any point of the image, but retaining thus ALT key. Now background color (its sample on a toolbar changes) will be selected.

The property bar of tool Eyedropper (Pipette) is represented on fig. 2.33. Unique parameter of the tool — color averaging on several пикселам. In list Sample Size (the Size of sample) it is possible to select variant Point Sample (Sample from a point) then the pipette measures color пиксела, being immediately under it. If the variant 3 by 3 Average (3х3 an average) and 5 by 5 Average (5х5 an average) the tool shows average color for nine or twenty five adjacent пикселов accordingly is selected.

Palette Color (Synthesis) is intended for color "synthesis" on its basic components (fig. 2.34)

In left upper to a palette corner there are the square samples of working and background colors similar to that you saw on a toolbar. Click on the sample you inform the program what of them you intend to create or edit. More to the right of samples slider and the data entry fields connected to them are allocated. Each slider corresponds to one of basic colors of any color model which choice is carried out in the palette menu, opening by click on a triangular arrow in its right upper to a corner. There you find the commands corresponding to halftones (shades of gray) and all color models considered above. And, at last, the color band in the lower part of a palette plays the same role, as a palette at the artist. On it you can select color mouse click. Pay attention that the cursor thus takes a pipette form. Colors in this palette should be in the same color model, as the image. Otherwise you can set color which in this image will not exist. The choice of a color model for a color band too is carried out through the palette menu.

Data entry fields near to slider allow to enter numerical values of components of a color model. As you remember, they should be in a range from 0 to 255.

In palette Swatches (Samples) it is possible to save any color, and then in the fullness of time to derive it and to make working or background.

1. Open palette Swatches (Samples) command Show Swatches (to Show samples) menu Window (Window).

2. The palette contains a dial-up of samples of the colors, offered by developers by default (fig. 2.35). Place the mouse cursor over any sample of color, and it becomes a pipette. Near to it there will be a tooltip balloon with a name which is appropriated to the given color.

3. Click the mouse on the sample of color. The selected color became current working color to what the sample on a toolbar testifies.

4. Click the mouse on other sample of color, retaining thus ALT key. The selected color became current background color

In palette Swatches (Samples) it is possible to place any color: or taken on the image, or (Synthesis) synthesized in palette Color. Anyhow, for saving in palette Swatches (Samples) this color should be current working color.

1. In palette Color (Synthesis) create the arbitrary color.

3. Click the mouse, and before you there will be dialog box Color Swatch Name (the Name of the sample of color). In it there will be a unique entry line where it is necessary to fill out a name for the created color. If it not to make and simply to close a window button OK the new sample receives name Swatch 1, the following created color - Swatch 2, etc. If it suits you, do mouse click in palette Swatches (Samples) at pushed ALT key. In that case dialog box Color Swatch Name (the Name of the sample of color) does not appear at all.

4. Create in palette Color (Synthesis) one more color.

5. Click on just created sample in palette Swatches (Samples) retaining SHIFT key. New color replaces color of the sample created before.

6. Make the same that in item 5, but with CTRL key. The sample will be remote.

Palette Swatches (Samples) renders you the big help in all projects in which the accurate color score is required. Various dial-ups of the saved colors can be necessary for different projects and images. Photoshop gives you this possibility. To save a dial-up of samples on a disk, select command Save Swatches (to Save samples) from the palette menu. In the opened standard dialog box enter a file name. Command Load Swatches (to Load samples) loads in a palette beforehand saved samples from a file which add an available dial-up. If you need to replace existing samples on loaded of a file, select from the menu of a palette command Replace Swatches (to Replace samples).

Especially we mark loading possibility in palette Swatches (Samples) плашечных colors from standard libraries. At a stage of selection of color directory loading in a palette spares a lot of time. Names of standard directories are resulted in the palette menu. To load the directory, simply select his name from the menu. After that Photoshop produces request about that, to replace existing samples in a palette or to add their samples from the directory.

Palette Info (Info) serves for display of the various information the same as a band of a state familiar to you (fig. 2.36). It is to the original information displays tracing your actions and giving to them exact numeral correspondence, for example, at scaling or turn, reflects color parameters, a cursor position, scaling percent, an angle of rotation and Is etc. recommended to use this useful palette as much as possible.

The palette information display can be adjusted for display of that information which you interests. Dialog box Info Options (information Adjustment) which appears at a choice of command Palette Options (palette Adjustment) the menu palettes Info (Info) (fig. 2.37) for this purpose serves.

First two fields in this window are identical and set display of parameters of color пикселов on which the cursor, in a certain color model is moved during the given instant.

1. In the field Ruler Units (Units of measure) are set global units of measure and graduation of rulers, as in dialog box Preferences (Setting).

2. In the field First Color Readout (the Output of the first color) open list Mode (Mode) and select variant CMYK Color (Colour CMYK).

3. In the field Second Color Readout (the Output of the second color) select variant RGB Color (Colour RGB).

The selected color model (or a mode) defines character of color parameters. It is clear that for our case in the first field numerical parameters of blue, magenta, yellow and black color channels, and in the second field — red, green and dark blue color channels will be displayed.

And pay attention, about parameters of color of model CMYK on the right there can be exclamation points. It is the essential information for you if you prepare the image for a color separation and the further polygraphic execution. So the colors which are not getting to area of polygraphic spanning are displayed.

Variant Actual Color (Current color) is convenient in the event that you need to pass often from one color model to another we Tell, on the screen — some images with different color models: this setting - deduces the data about color in a current color model of the document, and, passing from the document to the document, you will receive the appropriate information.

Transfer the cursor on any open image. In a palette in process of cursor driving values пикселов in two color models and cursor coordinates in the installed units of measure are continuously displayed.

• In the image computer are in a numeral format. There are two types of numeral images: vectorial and raster. The first represent математически the described curves and filling, and the second — square-topped arrays of points, each of which carries the color information of a section of the image. Program AdobePhotoshop is intended for handling of bitmap images.
• The points making the image on the monitor, are called пикселами (pixels), on a print — as points (dots). The Bitmap image is characterized in the sizes and resolution, that is an amount of color points on unit of length.
• The major characteristic of the bitmap image is its type or depth of color (colordepth) which shows, what amount of shades can transfer everyone пиксел. Images are subdivided on black-and-white (black and white), half-tone (grayscale), indexed (indexed), полноцветные (truecolor) and color-splitted (CMYK). The more depth of color, the is more image file volume.
• There is a large quantity of different formats of graphic files. Such diversity is connected as to directivity of specific formats on a narrow spectrum of graphic tasks, and with the historical reasons. In desktop publishing systems formats TIFF and EPS, and in network Internet — GIF and JPEG use the greatest popularity. AdobePhotoshop supports reading and record of the majority of widely used formats and offers own which is the only thing, capable to store all used Photoshop formats of documents.
• The main method of obtaining raster the image — scanning of paper originals or slides. Photoshop supports the general-purpose interface TWAIN for operation with any models of scanners.
• The mathematical description of color represents nontrivial and in many respects still the unresolved task as the big role in color perception is played by physiological factors. This fact, along with diversity of methods of transmission of color (a polygraphic print, the television picture, a photo and etc.), defined coexisting of several models of color.
• Photoshop uses following color models: RGB (as scanners and monitors are RGB-devices), CMYK (this model is the main in polygraphy), and Lab (for converting from one model in another). HSB, without being a strict color model, nevertheless it is convenient at a color choice as it is closest to human perception of colors.
• Unfortunately, color spaces of different models are nonidentical, i.e. colors from one model can miss in others. From here color aberrations while translating images from one type in another. The color space of a specific color model is called it as "color spanning".
• Photoshop allocates the special tool for measurement of colors — Eyedropper (Pipette), equipped with "a numeral panel" — palette Info (Info).
• In polygraphy, except composite (from four colors) colors, are often used mixed (плашечные) the colors received by mixing of pure colors before the press. Plashechnye colors are catalogued and have the CMYK-equivalents.