In new version Photoshop there was a possibility to group layers in dial-ups. A basic purpose of this procedure in organizing layers, to systematize them, to provide ease of a manipulation with their big amount. Such necessity arises at creation of any, however or difficult mounting as the number of layers in the document in practice reaches several tens. The similar case just also is shown by our example of mounting.

1. Open documents Mill.psd and Gates.psd from your working folder.

2. Copy images from these documents in mounting Relief.jpg.

3. Allocate turned out layers immediately over layer Big Ben and name them Mill and Gates, accordingly.

4. Give to layers Sweden and Italy a mode superimposing Color (Colour), layer Germany — Overlay (Overlapping), and layer Netherlands — Hard Light (Rigid light). The offered modes of superimposing in the big level are arbitrary. You can pick up and them, and a transparency of layers, согласуясь with own taste.

Now in the document of 14 layers. You already, probably, felt problems with orientation in between, it became difficult to change their order. We divide layers into some dial-ups: one with circuits of the countries, another — with photos, layers with a card of a relief and a background we allocate separately.

1. From list New (Layer) (New) menu Layer or the menu palettes Layers (Layers) select command New Layer Set (the New dial-up of layers).

2. In the opened dialog box (fig. 4.36) there are parameters of a new dial-up of layers. In the field Name (Name) enter a name of a new dial-up, for example Countries. Here we collect circuits of the countries.

1. From list Color (Colour) select color by which the layers entering into this dial-up, in palette Layers (Layers) will be marked. Color is set arbitrarily, it simply facilitates orientation in a palette of layers and does not influence in any way the image.

2. Lists Mode (Mode) and Opacity (Opacity) allow to install a mode of superimposing and an opacity level for a dial-up. As each of dial-up layers too has these parameters, Photoshop "adds" them. Parameters of superimposing of separate layers at first settle up, and the result is superimposed on underlaying layers according to dial-up parameters. By default the dial-up of layers has a mode of superimposing Pass Through (Open) that, as a matter of fact, means absence of any algorithms of superimposing. By default also it is supposed that the dial-up of layers is opaque. Our mounting does not demand usage of particular treatments of superimposing for all dial-up.

3. Close dialog box New Layer Set (the New dial-up of layers) button click APPRX.

6. Drag the mouse a line of a layer with a circuit of any country to a line of a dial-up. Now this layer enters into dial-up Countries (fig. 4.37).

7. Import to dial-up Countries all layers with circuits of the countries.

8. The new dial-up forms over all layers of the document, but you can change dial-up position the same as also a separate layer, simply dragging its mouse in a demanded place in palette Layers (Layers).

More rational method of switching-on in a dial-up several layers demands at once their preliminary binding:

1. Activate in palette Layers (Layers) a layer from any of specific photos.

2. Connect to it all remaining such, layers click on their icon of communication.

3. From the menu palettes Layers (Layers) select command New Set From Linked (the New dial-up with the bound layers).

4. In the opened dialog box of parameters of a dial-up enter name Pictures and select for it arbitrary, but individual color.

5. Close a dialog box, pushing the button APPRX. All layers with photos appeared in dial-up Pictures.

6. Push panels palettes Layers (Layers) button Create a new set (to Create a new dial-up). In palette Layers (Layers) immediately there will be new dial-up Set 1. It is one more method of creation of dial-ups of layers. Pay attention that dialog box New Layer Set (the New dial-up of layers) thus did not appear, and the layer has default arguments.

7. Dial-up parameters are easy for changing at any moment after its creation. Make double click on a line of dial-up Set 1 in palette Layers (Layers).

8. In opened dialog box Layer Set Properties (Parameters of a dial-up of layers) enter a name of layer Map and select for it from list Color (Colour) any color.

9. Close a dialog box the button APPRX.

10. Import to dial-up Map layer Relief. The background layer cannot be placed in a dial-up.

Now, when all layers are sorted on dial-ups, you can easily find the necessary. That layers of other dial-ups "did not litter" palette Layers (Layers), click on a triangular arrow near to names of dial-ups. Dial-ups will be contracted and occupy only on single line in a palette (fig. 4.38).

For removal of an unnecessary dial-up drag its line to button Delete Layer (to Delete a layer) on the palette panel, or push this button when the line of a dial-up is selected. Consider that all layers entering into a dial-up, and not just its "container" will be thus lost also. If in a deleted dial-up there is a layer which should be saved, deduce beforehand it from dial-up composition, dragging a line in palette Layers (Layers) for limits of all dial-ups.

Mounting is almost ready. You can add in it any additional details at own discretion. We imported to it still the image of the car which also is on applied to a diskette in a file Bmw.jpg and drew a graded-index band. These fragments are allocated on separate layers Car and Stripe. Save the received mounting in file Relief.psd in a working folder on a hard disk. It still is useful to us by reviewing of a question on preparation of a drawing for Internet.

Zalivochnye layers

In our mounting we allocated background filling on a separate layer to have possibility easily to change it irrespective of remaining parts of the image. New version Photoshop offers for this purpose special type of layers — заливочные layers (fill layers).

Zalivochnye layers cannot contain any raster objects, but only one of three types of filling: continuous, graded-index or patten. The Layer-mask заливочного a layer allows to fill the arbitrary section of the image, and command Change Layer Content (to Change layer contents) — to change filling type. In remaining заливочный the layer is similar to normal layers. For it adjustments of a transparency, a mode of superimposing, effects operate (see гл. 5), the order of overlapping, etc.

We use a layer for creation of background filling.

1. Select in palette Layers (Layers) a line of layer Background.

2. From list New Fill Layer (New заливочный a layer) select command Solid Color (Continuous filling). The Same command can be found in the list, opening click on button Create new fill or adjustment layer

3. (To create new заливочный or an adjusting layer). You get acquainted With adjusting layers at learning of chapter 8 devoted to color and pitch correction.

4. Opens familiar to you dialogue окноb (the New layer) in which you find all same parameters, as for a normal layer. Leave their such with what they are offered by the program by default, and close a window the button APPRX.

5. Unique parameter of continuous filling — its color. Therefore before you there will be dialog box Color Picker (a color Choice). Select from it light blue color and push the button APPRX. the Graded-index background layer now it is closed заливочным by a layer with continuous filling.

The zalivochnyj layer is displayed in a palette of layers in a special way (fig. 4.39).

The type of its miniature says that the given layer is not intended for direct editing: its contents are defined by a row of parameters. Principal advantage заливочных layers before filling on layers — in their "mobility". The type and filling parameters can be changed easily.

1. In menu Layer (Layer) select command Layer Content Options (Parameters of a contained layer) which allows to change parameters of current filling заливочного a layer.

2. As the unique parameter of continuous filling is its color, Photoshop again opens dialog box Color Picker (a color Choice).

3. Select the arbitrary color and close a window the button APPRX. Fill color changed.

4. Commands of list Change Layer Content (to Change layer contents) menu Layer (Layer) change filling type. Select from this list command Gradient (Gradient).

5. Before you dialog box Gradient Fill (Graduated fill) where parameters of graded-index type of filling of a layer (fig. 4.40 are installed).

6. The sample of a current gradient, as on a property bar of the tool with the same name (fig. 3.65 see) shows field Gradient (Gradient). The arrow in the right part of the list opens library of filling familiar to you. Click on the sample gives a dialog box of the editor of gradients (fig. 3.69). Create with its help opaque passage from blue color to dark blue.

7. From list Style (Style) select for a gradient the linear type.

8. The circuit and field Angle (Corner) set an angle of rotation of a gradient concerning a horizontal. Install a corner equal 90 °.

9. Slider Scale (Scale) leave in position of 100 %. It defines width of graded-index passage.

10. Drop flags Reverse (the Reverse order) and Dither (Smoothing). The first of them gives to a gradient a backward direction, and the second smooths passages of colors. Flag Align with layer (to Anchor to сдою), on the contrary, install. He creates a gradient precisely on the size заливочного a layer. Otherwise the size will be defined only by a visible part of a layer. However, for ours заливочного a layer it does not play a role, after all its layer-mask is empty.

11. Close dialog box Gradient Fill (Graduated fill) by the button APPRX. Zalivochnyj a layer became graded-index.

Thus, we changed at first parameters заливочного a layer command Layer Content Options (Parameters of a contained layer), and then and filling type. If now again to select this command dialog box Gradient Fill (Graduated fill) where you can change parameters of new type of filling opens. Once again to change filling type, it is necessary to select it from list Change Layer Content (to Change layer contents).

1. Select from list Change Layer Content (to Change layer contents) menu Layer (Layer) command Pattern (Pattern).

2. In opened dialog box Pattern Fill (Patten filling) parameters of patten filling of a layer (fig. 4.41) are resulted. In the left part of a window the sample of a current pattern shows the uncovered list and gives access to their library. Slider Scale (Scale) installs coefficient of scaling of a pattern. Flag Link with Layer (to Connect to a layer) connects filling to a layer that allows to move its tool Move (Relocation). If it will be necessary to return filling in home position, push button Snap to Origin (In the beginning of coordinates). Patten filling and their creation explicitly are described in the previous chapter.

3. Select from library pattern Water and close a dialog box the button APPRX.

The zalivochnyj layer replaced type with the patten. The pattern fills all background of the mounting created by you. Experiment with modes of superimposing and a transparency of a patten layer. Try to achieve, that the card background looked really as a water table.

Advantages заливочных layers before filling should be obvious to web designers. Thanking it it is possible to pick up quickly for page and background elements (patten filling here are useful) the suitable art decision.

Any amount of layers of the image can be reduced in one. The commands of convergence caused or from menu Layer (Layer), or from the menu of a palette of layers, "splice" image layers. Thus пикселы high layers substitute пикселы the lower. Convergence operation is irreversible, since substituted пикселы are lost for ever.

The useful command intended for performance of convergence of several layers in one, is Merge Visible (to Reduce visible). That it to use, it is necessary to make beforehand visible only those layers which need to be united. Command Merge Linked (to Reduce connected) fulfills convergence of all layers connected with leaking, and command Merge Layer Set (to Reduce a dial-up of layers) — the selected dial-up of layers. Apply that command which is more convenient at present.

The last command of convergence, Flatten Image (to Reduce layers), fulfills convergence of all layers of the image. More often it is applied upon termination of operation over the image and happens is necessary for the subsequent import to programs of imposition or preparation of illustrations which frequently do not support format PSD, and work in the core with formats TIFF and EPS. To store ready images too it is more convenient in the shown type. It very strongly reduces the sizes of their files.

Test commands of convergence of layers, but do not save a file a disk. It still is required to us in a type, suitable for editing;

• Masks serve for storage of the information on boundaries of objects in point images, and layers are intended for storage of objects. Arranging all graphic objects on separate layers, it is possible to receive floppy, easily and quickly edited image.
• The document can contain any amount of the layers, allocated the friend over the friend. On a layer, as a rule, allocate a graphic object, and a remaining part of a layer leave transparent. Through the transparent sections of a layer the underlaying layer is visible.
• Special type of a layer is background слан (background). It cannot have the transparent sections as always is the lowermost. On the other hand, creation of the multilayer images without a background layer is possible.
• The object which is on a separate layer, is isolated from the remaining image. Thanks to it all editing tools Photoshop are applicable to it as to the separate image, i.e. it is possible to influence somehow (to scale, move, turn, change colors and etc.) on object, without affecting thus the remaining image.
• Transparency and superimposing mode are attributes of any layer, except background.
• The layer can have one mask (layer-mask) belonging to it. The layer-mask defines, what sections of a layer will be visible, and what transparent.
• The organization of layers in dial-ups creates numerous conveniences in control of them. Dial-ups simplify orientation in a palette of layers, change of their order of overlapping, allow to mask at once some layers, one mask.