In the modern design, both in polygraphic, and in electronic, there are very many standard receptions of design. These are shades from objects, a glow, effect of a relief, filling by a texture and a gradient, обводка. Program Photoshop suggests to automate creation of effects and gives the chance in further to edit, cancel, combine them different effects and so forth

Effects are attribute of a layer just as a transparency and superimposing modes, and are applicable to layers of any type — normal, adjusting, text, planimetric. But the effect only on a visible part of the layer operates, the masked or transparent areas are not affected. On fig. 5.1 effect has been assigned to the transparent layer containing only the text

Parameters of effects are set in пикселах. It means that effects with the same setting will look unequal on images with different resolution.

With certain parameters the program considers a set of effects as style. Photoshop allocates quite good library of styles which can be added own samples.

Dialog box Layer Style (Style of a layer) is intended for operation with effects. We consider its operation on an example of the test document.

1. Create the document in the size 500х500 пикселов and flood all background layer not striking texture.

2. Create the transparent new layer. On it draw a square with 100 %-s' filling and cut at square center a round hole with shading 10 пикселов. It also will be the examinee a layer (fig. 5.2).

• Click twice on a layer title in palette Layers (Layers);
• Push the button with a letter f in the bottom of palettes Layers (Layers) and assign effect from the opened list;
• Select command Layer Style (Style of a layer) menu Layer (Layer) and define in the list one of effects.

Before you — a huge dialog box. It has 14 tabs which list is at the left. The first tab serves for a choice and control of the styles, the second is intended for operation with a mode of superimposing of a layer. Remaining tabs are responsible for separate effects of a layer. Effects are displayed in the field of review of window Layer Style (Style of a layer), and at installed flag Preview (Review) — and in a document window.

If near to an effect title the flag is installed, the effect is applied. Click at line Drop Shadow (Shade), and you pass to editing of effect of a drop shadow (fig. 5.3).

By means of effect Drop Shadow (Shade) is imitated a shade from object on a plane. The object makes impression raised over a background.

1. Install a flag in line Drop Shadow (Shade).

2. In the field Blend Mode (a superimposing Mode) set a mode of superimposing of a shade. As a rule, it is mode Multiply (Multiplication). Test also other modes of superimposing. Nearby there is a sample of color of a shade. More often the shade of black color is necessary, but you can select for it and other color. For this purpose it is enough to click on the sample and to define new color in window Color Picker (a color Choice).

3. Scale Opacity (Opacity) regulates opacity of a shade. Test different parameters of opacity of a shade (fig. 5.4)

4. The element control Angle (Corner) defines a corner under which the shade falls on object (fig. 5.5). You can set value in the field of input, or drag line on the circle circuit on an appropriate corner. Check up influence of this parameter by sight shades. Setting of flag Use Global Light (to Use global lighting) appropriates an identical direction to all applied effects on all layers of the document.

5. Field Distance (Distance) sets distance on which the shade from object is allocated. The more this parameter, the above raised seems object (fig. 5.6). The distance is set in пикселах, therefore it will look differently in documents with different resolution. Test parameter action.

6. Parameter Size (Size) installs the size of shading of edge of a shade outside. With growth of this value of edge are more shaded (fig. 5.7). Parameter Spread (Extension) defines, shade edges will be how much dim. It works only at nonzero value in the field Size (Size). The more this parameter, the are less blurred and edges of the increased shade (fig. 5.8) are opaque. At the maximum value the shade is not blurred absolutely not along the edges.

In г

7. Parameter Contour (Circuit) defines the form of edges of a shade. The the edge is more blurred, the it is wider and the influence of the given parameter is more obvious. The form of the sample in the field Contour (Circuit) installs a profile of a transparency of edge. The most simple profile is by default active. For learning of properties of a circuit set shades the big distance to object and 100 %-s' opacity.

8. Clicking on a small triangular arrow near to the sample, you open the list of ready circuits. Test different circuits (fig. 5.9). Then select variant Cone. Now the transparency profile has the cone form — at first opacity of a shade grows, then decreases to zero. It turns out that the shade becomes transparent, its edge (fig. 5.9,) is visible only.

9. Click on обзаце, and before you the circuit edit window opens. It is the normal graded curve which horizontal axis corresponds to edge of the object discarding a shade — i.e. to distance from the beginning of shading to the full transparency. On a vertical axis values of opacity of a shade are postponed. Move an extreme right reference point of a curve upwards. Now the shade is translucent, and its edge remained absolutely opaque (fig. 5.10). The concept of a circuit is used and in other effects.