The special attribute of characters is a register. As well as other attributes, the register it is set by default, in an insertion point and for the selected characters. Execute command All Caps (All capital) the menu palettes Character (Character), and characters become capital. The choice commands Small Caps (Small caps) formats characters a small caps. Commands Subscript (Interlinear indexes) and Superscript (Overline indexes) transform characters into the upper and lower indexes (fig. 7.30).

And

Command Underline to (Underline) gives to characters underlining. Selecting command Stikethrough to (Cross out), you receive the crossed out text (fig. 7.31).

Fonts of OrepTure have additional possibilities. If you use a font of this format, commands Ligatures (Ligature) and Old Style (Old style) become accessible. Ligatures are the sections of the text containing of some characters, an original modular letter. They form by developers of a font for certain combinations of letters. For example, if in a word letters f and 1 adjoin, for some fonts the upper part "Г” and a point over "i" are superimposed that spoils a text type. Flag setting replaces this combination with a ligature in which the picture of characters is slightly changed, appearance of the text will be refined (fig. 7.32, a). Old Style (Old style) is the original dial-up of digits accepted in old issuings especially speaking another language (fig. 7.32. Setting 41лажка activates this mode.

Attributes of the vertical text have some differences:

• The basic line of a line transits through centers of characters; its offset leads to change of position of the character across.
• Leading considers distance between basic tenches of vertical lines.
• Kerning and tracking define gaps between characters on a vertical.

Attributes of the paragraph can be set only for all paragraph as a whole and are defined in palette Paragraph (Paragraph) (fig. 7.33). They can be set by default, for the current paragraph (installing in this paragraph the text cursor) or for the several selected paragraphs.

Let's consider parameters of paragraphs in more details.

Alignment of lines of the text in the paragraph (fig. 7.34) is set by buttons Align (Alignment) marked with appropriate icons, representing the text unit. These are variants Left align text (Alignment to the left), Center text (Center alignment) and Right align text (Alignment to the right). For the plain text additional methods are possible: Justify last left (On a format with the last line to the left). Justify last center (On a format with the last line on center). Justify last right (On a format with the last line to the right). In these modes the text fills all whole lines, and the last line is left-justified, to center or the right edge.

If to select variant Justify АН Lines (Full выключка) the text fills all the line long entirely. The last mode also is accessible only to the plain text.

Setting of indents in fields Indent left margin (the Indent at the left) and Indent right margin (the Indent on the right) matters only for the plain text. These indents define distance at the left and on the right between boundaries of the container and the text (fig. 7.35). As well as for other attributes of the text, their value is measured in points and can immediately be set in the field of input.

The abzatsnyj indent installed in the field Indent first line (Abzatsnyj an indent), corresponds to offset of the first line of the paragraph, it also is set only for the text in the container. The positive value corresponds to offset to the right, negative — to the left from remaining lines (thus the beginning of a line cannot be more to the left of container boundary).

Set in the field Add Space Before Paragraph (to Add space before the paragraph) value is added (or is taken away, if отбивка negative) to leading between the first line of the given paragraph and the last line previous (fig. 7.36). Отбивка it is measured in points and operates only for the text in the container. Field Add Space After Paragraph (to Add space after the paragraph) sets отбивку between the current paragraph and subsequent.

At text layout in the container you can set its density. Regulation of width of gaps, the intersymbol distances and width of characters is for this purpose provided. By development of any typeface in it it is provided, how many on.строке the gap character should occupy places. This value depends on a font and is accepted by the program to 100 % (a standard gap of a font). At font creation the intersymbol distance is set also. It is regulated by value of an optical field of a letter. The optical field consists of width actually the character and the side clearance adjoining it (полуапрошей) (fig. 7.23 see). The intersymbol distance is added, thus, from two полуапрошей adjacent letters. The intersymbol distance set in a font, is accepted for 0 and can be changed for all characters within the paragraph.

Density regulation is produced in dialog box Justification (Выключка), caused by the menu command with the same name palettes Paragraph (Paragraph) (fig. 7.37).

For the text of any type, except ungeared on a format, value of gaps, character spacing and width of characters within the paragraph is unambiguously defined in group Desired fields (Wished). So, magnification of value Word Spacing (the Distance between words) to 200 % increases a gap twice, reduction of value Letter Spacing (Distance between characters) to—25 % reduces a gap between characters by 1/4 standard. Note that the values entered into fields of group Desired (Wished), should be not less values of group Minimum (Minimum) and no more values in group Maximum (Maximum).

For the text in the container (simple), aligned on a format, distances between characters, gaps and sometimes width of characters are nonconstant within the paragraph. Lines of the real text have different length and at выключке some lines are expanded, and some are compressed. In the core it is reached at the expense of change of value of gaps, to a lesser degree — at the expense of the intersymbol distance, and in the last queue — at the expense of change of width of characters.

Values of gaps, character spacings and width of characters are defined by three values to which there correspond three groups of fields of input - Minimum (Minimum), Desired (Wished) and Mahvptsju (Maximum). Values Minimum (Minimum) and Maximum (Maximum) set range boundaries in which value of the specified value can lie, and value Desired (Desirable) defines ideal value.

For example, if to set gap parameters accordingly 75, 100 and 150 % from a standard gap of a font, at выключке lines Photoshop tries to save value of a gap standard if it is impossible, it reduces a gap no more than on 1/4 or increases it no more than for 1/2 standard width (fig. 7.38).

Minimum, maximum and desirable values for the intersymbol distances and width of characters are in precisely the same way set. At выключке on a format the program allocates characters, being guided by values in all three-troupes of fields.

Paragraph parameters are defined and for vertical lines. Correspondence of set indents and отбивок to their position in the unit of the vertical text is more low resulted:

Left Indent отбивка on top

Right Indent отбивка from below

First Line Left Indent an indent on top the first (right) line

Space Before Paragraph отбивка between the last line of the previous (right) paragraph and the first line of the given

The majority of texts if they occupy more than one paragraph, need arrangement of hyphenations. If you have to allocate the English text, you for certain want to use this possibility. The mode of automatic transfer turnes on for each paragraph separately setting of flag Hyphenate (Transfer) palettes Paragraph (Paragraph). If the flag is disconnected, words are not transferred. At a switched on flag transfers are carried out according to the dictionary of transfers. In Photoshop there is only an English dictionary, and to edit it it is impossible. And for English words unfamiliar to the program automatic transfer is produced For any other languages in any place of a word.

For determination of rules of transfer select command Hyphenation (Transfer) of the menu palettes Paragraph (Paragraph). In the window with the same name (fig. 7.39) set transfer parameters:

• Words Longer Than... letters (Words are longer... Letters) defines the maximum word length which if needed is not transferred, and is located entirely the next line. If the word got to a line end with a great number of letters, it will be broken by transfer.
• After First... letters (to Transfer... Letters from the beginning) corresponds to the minimum quantity of letters from the beginning of a word to a hyphen.
• Before Last... letters (to Transfer... Letters from the end) installs the minimum quantity of letters from a hyphen till the end of a word.
• Hyphen Limit... hyphens (Transfers successively no more) the maximum quantity of serial lines which can terminate in hyphens or hyphens is underlined.
• Hyphenation Zone (Hyphenation zone) defines width of area along the right edge of a line. If not located word begins more to the left this area, it is transferred the next line entirely.

If your text is typed in Russian, possibly, it is necessary to place transfers manually, installing hyphens there where there should be transfers.