Create set of small distortions on the size therefore it seems подернутым ripples — from very easy to strong. Slider Ripple Size (the Size of waves) regulates the size of cells of distortion. Ripple Magnitude (force of waves) — ratio distortion (fig. 9.57).

Filters for distortions on a radial mask. If to use them on a portrait, they operate as a curve mirror (fig. 9.58). The Ratio distortion is set by slider Amount (Effect). The distortion circuit is shown in the field in the lower part of a dialog box. The negative values of distortion correspond to retraction пикселов in geometrical center of the selected area, positive — to pushing out пикселов from center.

At filter Spherize action (Сферизация) distortions are produced only on one of axes — horizontals or verticals.

Gives to the image wavy distortions on a vertical. The switch at the top of a dialog box (fig. 9.59) defines filling of indefinite areas the same as in filter Displace (Mixing). In position Wrap Around (to Interpose the cut fragments) these sections are filled пикселами from the image opposite side, in position Repeat Edge Pixels (to Fill boundary пикселами) there is a repeated repetition edge пикселов.

It is the difficult filter of offset. It is possible to consider it as the expanded version of filter Ripple (Ripples), it too is intended for creation of wavy distortion, but allows to define number, a direction and force of waves, and also to change algorithm of their creation (fig. 9.60).

The general ratio distortion is set by number of generators of waves. The it is more than them, the distortion is more difficult and that less recognizes the source image. If in the field Number of Generators (the Number of generators) to install value is more 10 at other default arguments the result generally will remind nothing the original.

The dyne of waves is set by slider Wavelength (Length of a wave). Minimum and maximum lengths are defined. Than above these parameters, especially wide are waves and that more recognizes an initial photo.

The amplitude set by slider Amplitude (Amplitude), operates exactly the opposite. The it is more, the distortion is stronger.

The ratio distortion can differ across and verticals. This parameter is installed in data entry fields Scale (Scale). The value in an appropriate data entry field less, the smaller distortion happens on this axis. So if to set null value of axis Vert (Vert.) distortions are produced only across, and the result will be similar to action of filter Shear (Curvature).

At last, it is in addition possible to change the form of a wave switch Type (Type). This parameter also influences the end result.

The filter translates the image from square-topped coordinates in polar and on the contrary (fig. 9.61).

Filter often used in logs. He creates radial distortion, but not on sphere, and on radially dispersing circles or spirals. The effect reminds the circles appearing on water from the thrown stone (fig. 9.62). Force of "waves" and their amount is regulated. (Style) Is offered three modes of the distortion, selected from list Style. This filter allows to achieve very pleasant and qualitative, though and effects which have slightly bothered because of frequent usage. On fig. 9.62 filter sequentially is applied to several oval separation.

The new command which has appeared in 6th version suggests you to control as much as possible precisely offset пикселов. Using it, you can supervise literally each point of the image. Distortions by means of this command are based on application of a graded-index grid. To start operation it is necessary to select image area on which distortions will be made, and then to select command Liquify (the Arbitrary distortion) menu Image (Image). The appeared big dialog box (fig. 9 63) with set of functions allows to work distortions in details.

· All distortions produce interactive, dragging the cursor under the image in view pane. At drag and drop of the cursor the image round it is distorted, as if thaws. In the field of Tool Options (tool Parameters) the size of a paintbrush (area of influence round the cursor) and force of its influence is set.

• · Character of distortion is defined by a tool choice:
• · Warp (Jacket) drifts пикселы in the direction of the cursor (fig. 9.64,).
• · Twirl clockwise (Curling clockwise) rotates пикселы clockwise.

The twisting is produced concerning a point in which there is a cursor (fig. 9.64, 6).

• Twirl counterclockwise (Curling counter-clockwise) rotates пикселы counter-clockwise round a point where the cursor (fig. 9.64 is installed,).
• Pucker (Tuck) drifts пикселы in a direction to a point, cursor influences (fig. 9.64?).
• Bloat (Buckling) drifts пикселы from a point where there is a cursor (fig. 9.64,).
• Shift pixels (Shift пикселов) drifts пикселы perpendicularly lines of driving of the cursor. At drag and drop пикселы drift to the left. If at tool action to hold pushed ALT key offset happens to the right (fig. 9.64,).
· Reflection (Reflection) copies пикселы from environmental areas in area of influence of a paintbrush (fig. 9.64,).

And

In г

д е

Tool Freeze (Mask) Is intended for masking of areas of the image. After you put a mask, distortions are produced only behind its limits, and the masked areas are not affected (fig. 9.65). To delete all or a mask part, use tool Thaw (Emolliating). Pair Freeze (Mask) — Thaw (Emolliating) on action reminds a pencil and ластик. In the field of Freeze Area (Mask) additional parameters of masking are offered: (Channel) it is possible to select alpha channel on which masking (the list will be produced from list Channel it is active, if in the image there are alpha channels); button Invert to (Invert) inverts a mask; button Thaw all (to Influence all areas) cancels a mask and fulfills distortion for all area.

Tool Reconstruct (Reconstruction) is intended for resetting of fragments of the image to an initial type. The Same action is fulfilled for all area, except the masked sections, click on button Reconstruct (Reconstruction).

To an initiating state, it is possible to produce reconstruction, that is reset and a command. Modes of reconstruction in the presence of a mask are defined in list Mode (Mode). If to click on button Revert to (Recover), all sections, including masked, return to an initial state, and the mask disappears.

The browse mode is in the field set by flags areas View Options (Browse modes): Show Frozen Areas (to Show the masked areas). Show Image (to Show the image), Show Mesh (to Show a grid). In a mode of show of a grid the program shows a distortion grid (fig. 9.66). Additional grid settings (the size of cells, color) and color of a mask are defined in uncovered lists areas View Options (Browse modes).

• The retouch eliminates defects of the original or a scanning error — scratches, a dirt, blur, an incorrect exposure of separate sections.
• Except the commands of the acoustical and color correction working with the full image or with selected area, Photoshop allocates related tools for operation "manually" with image fragments.
• The duplex is applied in polygraphy to the extension of an acoustical range and for toning of halftone images. At duplex printing use black and in addition — one, two or three плашечных colors. Printing colors are superimposed according to allocation curves.
• At a combination in a breadboard model color and тонированных images toning of black-and-white photos by means of mode Colorize (Toning) in dialog box Hue/Saturation (Tone/saturation) is more often used. The tonirovannoe image is printed by normal triad colors.
• Black-and-white photos it is possible тонировать manually, achieving special effects. Various modes of superimposing пикселов are for this purpose used. Reverse operation — the partial decolouration of a color photo — also is applied, for what command Desatu-rate (to Delete a saturation) is used.
• Dialog box Channel Mixer (Mixing of channels) allows to achieve special effects, to receive high-quality color, half-tone and тонированные images by mixing of color channels.
• One of the most widespread "computer" receptions of image processing is mounting. To reach freedom in creation of mounting, it is necessary to master in perfection operation with masks and channels — basic means of mounting.
• By operation over mounting it is necessary to pay special attention on reliability of transmission of details. They give a natural, realistic type to the image.
• Filters Photoshop are useful for creation of the images imitating the different technics of drawing, for giving of a texture by it and irradiatings, for distortion of originals and performance of other interesting effects.