Different computer documentation

The theory and acceleration practice

Actually, what such acceleration? This intended magnification of frequency of the processor (the videocard chip) for the purpose of a productivity raising.

Let's consider more in detail processor acceleration. The term оверклокинг (from English "overclocking" - frequency excess) existed till times of the first Pentium. Then the gain in some megahertz seemed impressing. Cases have been equipped by button "Turbo" which some clever people adjusted under acceleration. Later, the situation changed not strongly unless possibilities became more :). Generally the purpose оверклокинга as that always was obtaining of the maximum productivity for minimum money. Now there were the individuals using for extremal acceleration freezing setting, liquid nitrogen and so forth, but they do not concern the true category оверклокеров since for achievement of the purposes spend huge money. Truth frequently they receive as well a huge gain in megahertz (like 3ГГц at dispersed Athlon64).

Processors of class Pentium 4 Northwood and Athlon XP Thoroughbred and Barton became the most interesting milestone in acceleration development.

But give before to start aspects of acceleration we talk about consequences which wait for novice users. The first - abbreviation of life duration of the processor. For many is a defining fact. But the majority of them do not know, about what quantitative abbreviation of period of life there is a speech! The Intel gives a warranty on operation of the processors about 15 years. At acceleration on the average life duration decreases three times. We have 5 years. It is a lot of it or a little, everyone solves itself. For me this normal time (even big) for passage to more perfect model of the processor. Further - the increased thermal emission. The given problem setting of more powerful cooler dares. Generally for acceleration it is better not to save on cooling means, therefore the cooler should cost from 20-25$, to be completely (or partially) copper and to have the powerful fan. That fan which works on 2000-2500 rpm can be powerful even., if at it the correct form of the blade. For the price of the order 25$ it is quite possible to find quite good models. I can recommend куллеры Zalman, truth they expensive enough (топовые models stand apprx. 50$), since they almost silent and well cool. From cheaper it would be desirable to mark куллеры manufactures Titan, Termaltake.

Also for good acceleration thermopaste is not less important. What for it is necessary? It would Seem, buy a cooler more, install on the processor, and there are no problems. However not all so is simple, as it would be desirable. Poorly simply to deliver on the processor a powerful cooler, it is necessary to provide also effective transmission of the warmth selected with crystal CPU, to the cooler heat sink. Whatever equal the heat sink surface seemed to us approximately, it all the same has roughnesses and the roughnesses hindering a heat transfer, creating badly leading warmly air interlayer (as it is known, air - dielectric). Thermopaste fills with itself roughnesses of the heat sink and, having high heat conductivity, promotes the most effective transmission of heat. What paste to select?. I can advise it is scarlet-FORCES 3 (in my opinion - the best choice) and КПТ 8 (ненамного is worse). They possess excellent characteristics, are conveniently put and not spoiled. It would be desirable to tell to steam of words about thermopaste which is delivered with coolers Titan and about others, incorporating silver parts. It possesses the worst heat conductivity (though on idea should be on the contrary since silver possesses high heat conductivity) in comparison with two aforementioned pastes and it is strongly spoiled and it is difficult оттирается.

Now we know, what cooler to buy, what thermopaste to use, and how many it lives all :). Further we pass to a basis of bases - to immediate acceleration of the processor. Earlier when motherboards produced only Intel, with acceleration was hardly (still who wants to lose profits from sales топовых processors). Now a situation other. Almost all modern motherboards are equipped by acceleration means, and some vendors began to do processors with not blocked factor (bright to volume an example - company AMD). Besides on many motherboards there is a protection against reacceleration i.e. when the system does not transit the start test, the BIOS is nullified. If the board is not equipped by the given self-monitoring system, it is not necessary to be frightened, seeing the black screen. All dares simply resetting to zero manually БИОСа. For this purpose it is necessary to install a jumper in position "cmos clear". If you and could not find a jumper or are afraid to spoil inadvertently something (taking out something another :)), it is possible to take out a battery simply. But as the residual charge on condensers is saved still long enough time, it is necessary to wait from an hour to 3 (for fidelity).

We pass immediately to acceleration. For this purpose it is necessary to come into a BIOS, to find something like "CPU and chipset settings" (it at me, at you can be all in another way, all depends on the vendor). Further we expose frequency of the front-side bus and a factor (the Remark, on processors of Intel change of coefficient of multiplication in what does not result since it is blocked). We take as example Athlon XP Thoroughbred 1700 +. It works on frequency 1466МГц, has a factor 11х133МГц. It is possible to lift a factor to 15, and frequency of the bus to leave former. It is possible to take frequency 166МГц, and a factor - 12,13. Here to you to experiment. I will mark that increase of frequency of the front-side bus, affects to the best productivity (and at processors of Intel of other output simply is not present). Thus the processor with frequency 2ГГц having the big frequency of the front-side bus, will show the big productivity. However, increase of frequency of the bus automatically raises frequency of bus PCI, therefore if strongly to disperse the processor on the bus peripheral devices can fail. Fortunately, in the modern motherboards there is a technology, allowing not to raise bus PCI. It would be desirable to note that at increase of frequency of the processor, unstable system operation can be watched. In this case raise pressure on a kernel. At Athlon XP Thoroughbred rated voltage - 1.5 In, we lifted to 1.7. It is authorized to lift pressure NO MORE, than on 10 %. Generally at processor acceleration lift all not races, and пошагово.

Still especially it would be desirable to mark about storage acceleration along with the processor. If both the processor and storage work in the synchronous mode (on the multiple frequency) system performance increases. In our example there was storage DDR PC2700 (333МГц). If the processor to force to work on frequency 333МГц (166х2 MHz) productivity increases. However occasionally, when the processor is dispersed to a limit, there is a question on storage acceleration. We tell, you disperse Pentium4 2.4C. It works on frequency of the front-side bus equal 800МГц. Dispersing the processor to 3ГГц (250х12), it is possible to disperse and storage DDR PC3200 (400МГц) to 500МГц. The synchronous operation (2/1 - 1000МГц/500МГц) turns out. At storage stand тайминги 2-2-2-2-5 (in our case, happen and above; depends on the vendor and storage type). What is тайминг? These are time delays which the mass of factors influences. The they it is less, the above speed of operation of storage. At acceleration, тайминги it is necessary to increase (because of unstable operation of storage). You can increase, for example, to 2.5-2.5-2.5-2.5-6 if the system at them works stablly. Truth not always is possible to reach such good productivity. Sometimes it is necessary to lift till 4-4-4-4-8 …