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Network on twisted pair
The network on twisted pair - the modern technology, is under construction with usage of hubs, on topology
"Star". The guaranteed distances - 100 meters between hubs or from a hub to a network card. It is required спец. The tool and some skill which appears after five запоротых "джеков". Plugs of twisted pair - RJ-45 are easier called "джеками". Twisted pair take only 5th categories. Twisted pair представлят itself of 4 or 8 wires in a soft plastic jacket.
Cable of twisted pair оконцовывается a way обжимания джеком beforehand одготовленных
Wires. They prepare so: срежте a centimeter jacket on 3, untangle provodka, straighten them and allocate in one plane with each other in following следовательности.
The sequence is important! Operation обжимания is led by means of the tool "кримпер", it seems in Russian is called "обжималка" and the secateurs are similar on a terrible type, is frequent with plastic pens of orange color. Becomes so further: Cut tips that the direct equal cutoff turned out, take "джек" and засовайте туды plainly-oriented provodka against the stop so that at the left it appeared white-orange проводочек, and under the most right контактиком it appeared brown. Thrust so that the cutoff of everyone conducting buried copper сердцевинкой in плексовое an end face fragment of glass джека. Hold all it, take обжималку and press out джек, applying force :)). All. Now attentively look and compare to that that on the circuit :)). It is pleasant? Everyone контактик should bite through the jaggies insulation of the provodka and touch a copper vein. Well, what, similar? If it is unlike, at first try to launch a network, well and then cut off "джек" and make a fresh start. Jackie should be bought with a small store.
And now - connection of two computers. Two network interface cards with plug UTP and a cable which needs to be pressed out in a special way are for this purpose necessary.
The cable made thus, is called "скрестным". It is applied to connection of two separate computers.
The signal transmission on twisted pair (under standard ТХ) is carried out on two steams, and on remained to two - reception :)). In скрестном a cable transmission on steam of the first computer is passed on a cable to pair reception of the second computer. If we add the third computer the hub automatically is required. Always it is necessary to take a hub with a small store. If at you three computers also it will not be more exact - then fits 4-eh a port hub. Try not to be deceived - 4 port hubs can have 5 holes, but it does not mean that it 5 port. Simply one hole is doubled with cabling for cкрестного a cable. For a small network
Optimally to take 8 port hub. If in your network it is required more than 20 поключений, over a hub choice it is necessary to think not to pay twice. It is Always more preferable to use one hub, for example, 16-port, than two 8-port. Connection to a hub is carried out by direct cable - at it on both ends cabling should coincide (with standard).
But once at us the free ports in a hub come to an end or it is required пробросить a cable on 300 meters. It is necessary to add hubs. Hubs incorporate among themselves to observance of a following rule that between any two nodes of a network (computers) was no more than 4 repeating devices (hubs). This requirement of standard Ethernet. Connection of hubs is called as cascading. Cascading of hubs reduces overall performance of a network a little.
Cable on twisted pair
It is good the reliability, наболее it is modern, admits connection of computers for the speed to
100 Mbit. But does not allow to expand without purchase of special device HUB (hub) a network even to three computers. However, the device this not so expensive. The maximum distance the computer-computer or the computer-hub - 100 meters. It is more preferable to use within one building.
It is required:
Measure, as it is possible more precisely, distance between computers (it is necessary to measure on that way as the cable will be laid out, that is the door, for example, should be bypassed on a jamb). Add to this number some meters (just in case). The length of a cable should not exceed 100м. Acquire a cable "twisted pair" атегории 5 (cat.5) in the necessary amount. Two forks (connectors) RJ-45. It is possible to acquire also two protective caps to them. The tool blooming (though two connectors can be pressed out a screw-driver).
Operation:
1. Lay out a cable on the necessary way, without admitting прекручиваний and damages. Leave with everyone
The sides a store about 2-3 m on a case of possible swaps of computers and for convenience of mounting
Connectors.
2. Fix connectors on the cable ends according to the circuit "cross-over" a cable. "Cross-over" ("zero-habnyj") a cable
 
"Zero-habnyj" a cable
 
Network interface card configuring
Cards happen Plug&Play and without PNP. If the ISA-card without P'N'P - that at it is the certain address and interruption number. As a rule, happens accordingly 300 and 10 (or 300 and 5). But be easy other values can. Anyway, they should be learned. If it is not known what values - that should be had the driver. At each card in a set should be a diskette with drivers. On it, besides drivers under various operas. Systems, should be конфигуряющие the driver with which help it is possible to expose a card on what it wants parameters.
If drivers are not present and will not be, it is possible to define with some probability parameters сетевушки by means of small програмки DIAG.COM.
If also it does not help, it is necessary to use a method scientific тыка and to pick up the address and interruption on what the card is exposed. If at you ISA P'N'P the card chance that she earns simply so, is, but small. It is better to take конфигуряющие драйверочки and to forbid it P'N'P, and at the same time to expose port 300 and interruption 10. If it does not turn out neither that, nor another - "thank" uncle Bill is its tricks.
If at you PCI - a card all should work. Configuration TCP/IP + IPX
- Is the most applied in the mixed networks and thanks to the functionality allows to put into practice set of decisions. That in Win9x to adjust a network on these protocols it is necessary to make the following: to Add in a network configuration following components (to delete superfluous): 
Thus it is necessary to adjust TCP/IP protocol. Look only do not confuse - that protocol which is anchored to the network interface card, instead of to "to the Controller of remote access (Dial Up Adapter)" is provisionable. For this purpose it is necessary to click on properties of the protocol and to set to it: 1.IP - the Address, for example, 192.168.1.1 and a subnet mask, 255.255.255.0. To the second machine give 192.168.1.2 address, the third - 192.168.1.3 and so on. The mask at all should be one - 255.255.255.0. Whom interests why so - read TCP/IP protocol description in section FILES.
2. Recognition WINS - to Disconnect.
3. The gateway (Gateway). The router is not present - means to disconnect.
4. A binding (Binding). Anchor to everything that there is.
5. In addition (Advanced). To deliver a tick "to Use by default".
6.DNS it is possible not to include while. Not to be confused. Well and as usual - it is necessary to reboot, waited inscriptions that your computer is ready to shut-down. To check serviceability it is necessary command Ping [IP the adjacent computer]. For example, PING 192.168.1.2. The command produces result - for what time the IP-packages launched by us reached machines with the specified address and returned. Besides, it is possible пинговать the machine on her name in working group or the domain.
The selected server
The sense of the selected server following - in a network, continuously (round the clock), is the special
Network station which gives almost all services of a network as that - an exchange of mail,
Files, messages, start of network applications, etc., etc., but the core -
Support of functioning of the network. By means of the selected server is much easier
Many functions of a peer-to-peer network are carried out and the mass of possibilities is added. Besides,
The peer-to-peer network and the selected server - things not mutually exclusive, and is faster the adding
Each other, and more often in average and large networks there is their combination. So,
If in your network of more than three computers it is possible to tell with confidence that the selected
The server does not prevent you.
That it gives to you:
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Increase of productivity of a network - to 500 KB from the server to stations instead of to 250 KB from station to station
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Possibility to communicate in mode OFF-LINE c the help of the mail program thanks to what there will be a possibility to leave a type note: "left in shop, I will be at 21-00, without me do not start to play..." :-)
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Storage of the general and most употребимых files
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Start of the general applications - for example, files lie on the server, and all of you them launch simultaneously and perfectly feel
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etc.
And the selected file server is simply necessary for a large network.
Access to the Internet from a local network
The simplified decision of this task looks so - on the computer with the modem and c
Windows (95/98/NT) aaplet WinGATE or, for example, WinProxy is installed. AS - I will explain
More low. Principal complexity - not so much technical, how many legal, consists that
Internet "distribution" is a licensed activity. That is if you bought the Internet at
The provider also sell (or give) to its other people - that become the provider, and
Hence should have the license. Many providers at connection, in the contract, at once
Notify that it is impossible гейтовать the Internet for the third parties, differently - we terminate the contract
Connections. That you distribute the Internet, it is theoretically possible to reveal. If it does not frighten you - in kind
Way. So, to use all локалкой the Internet from one computer it is necessary
To have: 1. A local network with tuned TCP/IP protocol.
2. Connection to the provider the Internet.
3. Installed WinGATE by the machine with the Internet.
The remark: WinGATE it is capable to produce "Internet", even when really communications with the provider
No. Simply it кеширует that transits through it by real operation in the Internet -
Saves on a disk files HTML and pictures what exactly кешировать and how many a place is led out
Under кеш is it is adjusted. How to adjust in a network TCP/IP protocol - it is written hardly above. Connection to the Provider is
Your headache. We install WinGATE: The installer will ask serial number - it is necessary to give number or to have крякалку and to ignore a question on number. The most important thing when he asks to specify to it IP - the machine address on which it is installed also her name in DOMAIN/WORKGROUPE. Do not change value of ports
!!! Let will be as it puts. The main terms
The server (the selected server)
--- It is the computer which is always switched on and behind it practically nobody works, even the monitor is not strongly necessary to it by and large. On the server the Network Operating system is fulfilled. In role С.О.С. As a rule appear: Novell Netware 3.x, 4.x, Windows NT, UNIX (LINUX, FreeBSD).
Peer-to-peer network
--- It is a network in which there are no selected servers, and all computers connected to a network, divide among themselves the resources.
Network segment
--- It is a network part in which all computers "see" each other directly. Any network consists at least of 1 segment. The network consisting of several segments, incorporates more difficult network equipment, as that - a router, the bridge, the switchboard. And here the hub (hub) and a repeater is a separate history.
The protocol
--- It is "language" on which computers in a network "talk". The most popular protocols: NETBEUI (expanded NetBIOS), IPX/SPX, TCP/IP. NETBEUI - the old protocol, is good for a small network which consists of one segment. IPX/SPX - The native protocol for Netware, it is supported by all versions Netware. It has particulars in the form of type of frame Ethernet (frame type). That computers in one IPX - networks saw each other, all of them should work on identical type of a frame. The sm is more detailed Server Netware recipe. TCP/IP - Internet-protocol, the whole books are devoted it. The difficult protocol, in its house network it makes sense to use in case of presence of systems UNIX, a router and-or Internet connection or it is simple for experience.
PACKET
--- The information in a local network travels in "packets" - in identical lengths information pieces in which titles addresses of the sender and the receiver contain. In IP-packages accordingly it is IP addresses, and in IPX-packets it is ETHERNET-addresses.
ETHERNET
--- It is network type, it is "specification", it is the standard, it is a dial-up of protocols, it as a whole practically everything concerning the most widespread network technology with carrying capacity 10 Megabit. Along with Ethernet exist ARCnet (become outdated), Token Ring (dying off), Fast Ethernet, IOLAnet, etc. We will deal in the core with Ethernetoм.
The network interface card
--- The expansion card with which help the computer is connected to a network. Boards ETHERNET (see above) let out set of vendors, among them: 3com, Intel, DEC, AMD, Cabletron, etc., but the most mass and popular network interface card - so-called NE2000. Net boards are issued in ISA-16 and PCI variants, with connectors BNC and-or UTP (TP), and sometimes and with connector AUI. Each board is able the unique address from 6 byte, type [1E:34:00:00:FF:12] which the ETHERNET-address or "poppy-address" is called.
The hub (the HUB, HUB)
---- It is such device which "branches out" a network on twisted pair. It is a lot of hubs, they happen very different. The principle of its action is simple - any Ethernet-information which has come on one of its ports, through small time is sent through all remaining ports. Accordingly all ports of a hub the bidirectional. There are simple hubs, with an amount of ports from 5 to 32, and difficult - - stack and-or modular, with adjustment of ports - but it already for big and not a house network.
Router (router)
--- This rather intellectual device which is engaged in that services networks with TCP/IP protocols or IPX/SPX. The router recognizes the address of the receiver and перенаправляет a packet only there where to it, a packet, it is intended. Hardware implementation of a router rather expensive piece (i.e. it is literally - a minimum a piece $), and here for a house network it can be made from inexpensive (огого!) компутера. Or from the expensive.
"Rassharennyj a disk"
--- It is a disk or area on a disk which (ая) is opened for access by another обьектам networks. From English SHARE - to divide. "To rummage disks" - to open disks for network access, or that наооборот to connect another's disks given for access and to rummage, rummage on them dirty pens...
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